Learning objectives:

• Recall the compartments of body water and composition of body fluids
• Describe electrolyte disorders associated with sodium, potassium and chloride
• Describe and evaluate laboratory findings in electrolyte disorders
• Identify the causes of electrolyte disorders
• Describe the differential diagnosis of electrolyte disorders
• Recall use of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in acid-base status evaluation
• Describe the role of buffer systems in regulating the pH of body fluids
• Describe the respiratory mechanism in the regulation of acid-base balance
• Describe the renal mechanisms in the regulation of acid-base balance
• Describe the primary acid-base disorders and its causes
• Describe and evaluate laboratory findings in acid-base disorders